Background
Thiazolidinediones (TZD ) also known as glitazones were discovered by researchers from Takenda Chemical Industries in Japan .The researchers were looking at medications that lower triglycerides (common fats found in the body) ,when they notice that substance with a thiazolidine in their chemical structure improved insulin resistance in rats.
This led to the discovery and registration of Pioglitazone ,Troglitazone and Rosiglitazone. Troglitazone and Rosiglitazone were later withdrawn from the market due to liver problems and increased risk of heart attacks.
Pioglitazone is the only TZD available in South Africa.
How does Pioglitazone work ?
Pioglitazone helps improve insulin resistance by increasing cells sensitivity to insulin . The medication has also been shown to lower amounts of glucose released by the liver.
Factors to consider when using Pioglitazone.
Risk of hypoglycaemia
Pioglitazone has a low risk for hypoglycaemia. The use of pioglitazone together with other glucose lowering medications increases risk of hypoglycaemia.
Glycaemic effect
Pioglitazone lowers HbA1c by 0.9 to 1.7% .
Effect on weight
Pioglitazone causes moderate weight gain. Weight gain associated with Pioglitazone ranges between 2-4 kg. Weight gain is affected by does of pioglitazone prescribed.
Benefits to heart and kidneys
Pioglitazone has been shown to positively affect cholesterol levels by lowering LDL (bad cholesterol) and Triglycerides (fats) while increasing HDL (good cholesterol).This is important for heart health.
Cost
The cost of pioglitazone is within reach of many living with Type 2 Diabetes.
Side Effects
Common side effects associated with Pioglitazone include :
- Water retention
- Swelling
- Brittle bones (Osteoporosis)
Bladder cancer is a rare side effect associated with Pioglitazone.