A total of 132 470 babies born in South Africa in 2024, were born to mothers with high blood sugar levels, a condition called hyperglycaemia. Hyperglycaemia is a classic symptom of Diabetes.
Poorly controlled blood sugar levels pose a danger to both mother and baby. Pregnant women with high blood sugar levels are at higher risk of expiriencing miscarriages and premature births. Risks to the baby include abnormalities at birth, and weight related struggles later in life. It is therefore important for diabetic women of child bearing age to achieve good blood glucose control before, during and after pregnancy.
Planned pregnancies are ideal for women living with diabetes. This makes knowledge, and access to family planning methods a critical part of their treatment plan. Yet research shows that family planning counselling, is often neglected in this group of women.
Risk vs Benefit
Choosing a suitable family planning method for women living with diabetes requires a careful balance of the risk vs benefits of the method in relation to the condition. World Health Organization medical eligibility criteria (WHO MEC) for contraceptives, provides guidance for the safe use of contraceptives for those living with chronic medical conditions. The guide classifies the different contraceptive methods into four categories based on safety in relation to the medical condition at hand.
The Guide
Conclusion
Diabetic women with no complications ,with less than 20 years of living with the condition can safely use any method of contraception. While those with long standing disease (over 20 years),together with those with complications like nephropathy (kidney),retinopathy (eye) and neuropathy (nerve damage) can only use intrauterine devices (UID),implants as well as progestogen only pills. Women with a history of gestational diabetes (high sugar levels during pregnancy) can safely use any contraceptive method.
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