Vitamin B12 also known as cobalamin, discovered in 1948 is one the eight known B vitamins. It is obtained from certain food sources, as the body does not produce the vitamin on its own.
Vitamin B12 can be obtained from meat, poultry, fish, dairy products and other foods from animals. Most plants do not make the vitamin. Cobalamin plays an important role in the formation of red blood cells, nerves and DNA.
Health benefits of Vitamin B12
- Important for the formation of red blood cells
- Supports bone health
- Supports healthy skin, hair and nails
- Increases energy
- Important for brain health
- Improves heart health
- Improves mood
- Supports the nervous system
Who is at risk?
Individuals who follow a strictly vegetarian or vegan diet are at risk of developing vitamin B12 deficiency. Medical conditions that affect absorption of nutrients and weight loss surgery increase the risk of developing a deficiency. The use of certain medications e.g. metformin may lead to vitamin B12 deficiency.
Some signs and symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency
- Feeling weak and tired
- Painful mouth and tongue
- Nail abnormalities
- Dark spots on skin or hyperpigmentation (darkening of skin)
- Yellowish skin
- Numbness or tingling on hands and feet
- Mood changes
Diagnoses and treatment
The presence of vitamin B12 deficiency is confirmed by a blood test. Treatment includes the use of cyanocobalamin, a human made form of vitamin B12 available as injections or tablets.
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